@article {428,
	title = {Die lymphangiogenen Wachstumsfaktoren VEGF-C und VEGF-D},
	journal = {Lymphologie in Forschung und Praxis},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2013},
	month = {06/2013},
	pages = {30-37},
	type = {Review},
	chapter = {30},
	abstract = {VEGF-C und VEGF-D sind die zwei zentralen Signalmolek{\"u}le, die f{\"u}r die Entwicklung und das Wachstum des Lymphgef{\"a}{\ss}systems verantwortlich sind. Beide geh{\"o}ren zur VEGF-Proteinfamilie, deren Mitglieder haupts{\"a}chlich im Wachstum von Blutgef{\"a}ssen (Angiogenese) und Lymphgef{\"a}ssen (Lymphangiogenese) ihre Funktionen haben. Die VEGF-Familie umfasst in S{\"a}ugetieren f{\"u}nf Mitglieder: VEGF, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C und VEGF-D. Benannt wurde diese Familie nach ihrem zuerst entdeckten Mitglied VEGF ({\quotedblbase}Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor{\textquotedblright}). VEGF-C und VEGF-D bilden funktionell und strukturell eine Untergruppe innerhalb der VEGF-Familie. Sie unterscheiden sich von den anderen VEGFs durch ihre besondere Biosynthese: sie werden als inaktive Vorg{\"a}ngermolek{\"u}le produziert, f{\"u}r deren Aktivierung ihre langen N- und C-terminalen Propeptide enzymatisch abgespalten werden m{\"u}ssen. Im Gegensatz zu den anderen VEGFs sind VEGF-C und VEGF-D direkte Stimulatoren f{\"u}r das Wachstum lymphatischer Gef{\"a}{\ss}e. Ihre lymphangiogene Wirkung enfalten VEGF-C und VEGF-D {\"u}ber den VEGF-Rezeptor-3 (VEGFR-3), der im erwachsenen Organismus fast nur auf den Endothelzellen der Lymphvaskulatur zu finden ist.
In diesem Artikel geben wir einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die VEGF-Proteinfamilie und deren Rezeptoren mit dem Schwerpunkt auf den lymphangiogenen Mitgliedern VEGF-C und VEGF-D, {\"u}ber ihre Biosynthese und ihre Rolle in der Embryonalentwicklung.

VEGF-C and VEGF-D are the two central signaling molecules that stimulate the development and the growth of lymphatic system. Both belong to the VEGF protein family which plays important roles in the growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis) and lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis).
In mammals the VEGF family comprises five members: VEGF, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D. The family was named after its first discovered member VEGF ({\textquotedblleft}Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor{\textquotedblright}). VEGF-C and VEGF-D form functionally and structurally a subgroup within this family. They differ from the other VEGFs by their peculiar biosynthesis: they are produced as inactive precursors and need to be activated by proteolytic removal of their long N- and C-terminal propeptides. Unlike the other VEGFs, VEGF-C and VEGF-D are direct stimulators of lymphatic growth. They exert their lymphangiogenic function via VEGF receptor 3, which is expressed in the adult organism almost exclusively on lymphatic endothelial cells.
In this review we give an overview of the VEGF protein family and their receptors with the emphasis on the lymphangiogenic VEGF-C and VEGF-D, and we discuss their biosynthesis and their role in embryonic lymphangiogenesis.
}
}
@article {443,
	title = {Die lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Part 2: The role of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in diseases of the lymphatic system. [bilingual: English, German].},
	journal = {Lymphologie in Forschung und Praxis},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2013},
	month = {11/2013},
	pages = {96 - 104},
	abstract = {VEGF-C and VEGF-D are the two central signaling molecules that stimulate the develop- ment and growth of the lymphatic system. Both belong to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein family, which plays important roles in the growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis) and lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis). In mammals, the VEGF family comprises five members: VEGF-A, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D. The family was named after VEGF-A, the first member to be discovered. VEGF-C and VEGF-D form a subgroup within this family in terms of function and structure. Their distinctive biosynthesis differentiates them from the other VEGFs: they are produced as inactive precursors and need to be activated by proteolytic removal of their long N- and C-terminal propeptides. Unlike the other VEGFs, VEGF-C and VEGF-D are direct stimulators of lymphatic vessel growth. They exert their lymphangiogenic function via VEGF receptor 3, which is expressed in the adult organism almost exclusively on lymphatic endothelial cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the VEGF protein family and their receptors. We focus on the lymphangiogenic VEGF-C and VEGF-D, discussing their biosynthesis and their role in embryonic lymphangiogenesis.},
	keywords = {growth factors, Lymphangiogenesis, lymphedema, lymphogenic metastasis, VEGF-C, VEGF-D},
	url = {http://jeltsch.org/sites/jeltsch.org/files/JeltschMichael_Lymphforsch2013_96.pdf},
	author = {Krebs, Rainer and Jeltsch, Michael}
}
